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It’s not easy to decrypt the file with out the key. Again it depends on the algorithm you used to encrypt. If you have used some weak algorithm like DES then you can try to find the key via Birthday Attack. Or else best way if you remember something about the key to. Cracking encrypted disk image, AKA DMG is feasible, but, and there are many buts, is extremely, extremely time consuming. If you do not remember at all the password, or if you attempt to crack in 'blind mode', you will probably need to teach your kids how to do it: By the time you'll have a fighting chance, you'll be long dead.

In the world of Windows dominance, Apple’s Mac OS X enjoys a healthy market share of 9.5% among desktop operating systems. The adoption of Apple’s desktop OS (macOS seems to be the new name) is steadily growing. This is why we are targeting Mac OS with our tools.

This time, let’s talk about Mac OS X user account passwords. Not only will a user password allow accessing their Mac, but it will also allow decrypting FileVault 2 volumes that are otherwise securely encrypted with virtually unbreakable XTS-AES.

Attacking FileVault 2

FileVault 2 is Apple’s take on whole-disk encryption. Protecting the entire startup partition, FileVault 2 volumes can be unlocked with either of the following:

• 256-bit XTS-AES key
• Recovery Key
• User password from any account with “unlock” privileges

There is also an additional unlock method available called Institutional Recovery Key. These recovery keys are created when system administrators enable FileVault 2 encryption with FileVaultMaster.keychain. This method requires additional steps to activate, and is typically used in organizations with centralized keychain management.

256-bit XTS-AES Key

Location: RAM (only while the encrypted volume is mounted)

The 256-bit XTS-AES key is the actual encryption key that is used by the system to encrypt and decrypt data. This is a binary key. Once the FileVault 2 volume is unlocked, the XTS-AES key is stored in the computer’s RAM.

In order to recover these keys, one would need to dump the content of the computer’s RAM into a file. Note that it is no longer possible to run a FireWire attack on locked or sleeping Macs due to Mac OS X security restrictions, so the RAM capturing tool must be executed on a running computer with FileVault 2 container unlocked and a user logged in.

Recovery Key

Location: printed notes, Apple cloud

Extraction: search, cloud acquisition (coming to Elcomsoft Phone Breaker 6.0), request from Apple

Similar to BitLocker, FileVault 2 employs Recovery Keys to enable users unlock their encrypted volumes if the disk is moved to a different device or if no user account with ‘unlock’ privileges is present in the system. Once FileVault 2 is enabled, the system creates and displays a recovery key. According to http://eprint.iacr.org/2012/374.pdf, the recovery key contains 120 bits (we didn’t check) that are encoded with all letters and numbers 1 through 9, and formatted to look like this:

XDFG-EE8G-KF89-S0FS-9F7Y-XFH8

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The user has an option to store the key with Apple. Usb installer el capitan. If the user agrees, the recovery key gets stored in the iCloud account associated with the user’s Apple ID (which is required to use the service).

While brute-forcing a 120-bit key seems easier than attempting to brute-force a 256-bit key, the security of a 120-bit key is still enough to make the attack unfeasible. This key is only useful if you can obtain it by searching the premises, downloading from the user’s iCloud account or requesting from Apple (if you have a warrant).

Extracting FileVault 2 Keys from iCloud

It is possible to extract a backup FileVault 2 key from the user’s iCloud account. The backup key can be extracted, processed and converted into a binary 256-bit XTS-AES key that can be used to decrypt the volume.

We are currently finalizing development of a tool for extracting and using FileVault 2 recovery keys to mount FileVault 2 volumes. In order to extract the key, you’ll be able to use Elcomsoft Phone Breaker 6.0 (scheduled for release next month). Once the tool is released, you’ll need to do perform the following steps:

1. Launch Elcomsoft Phone Breaker and choose iCloud. Select “Decrypt FileVault image”.
2. Specify path to the forensic image of the encrypted volume. Elcomsoft Phone Breaker accepts raw disk images (.dd), EnCase image files (.e01), and Apple Disk Images (.dmg).
3. In a case the image contains several encrypted partitions, choose the one which you would like to mount (you may see more than one FileVault 2 volumes if several OS X installations are present).
4. Elcomsoft Phone Breaker displays Apple ID that has the Recovery Key stored in its iCloud account.
5. Provide authentication credentials (Apple ID password or authentication token extracted from the user’s computer).
6. Elcomsoft Phone Breaker obtains the recovery key and decrypts the encrypted partition.

As a result, you will get an image of the decrypted partition in a raw (.dd) format.

Then you can use the “hdiutil” tool (OS X) or FTK Imager (Windows) to mount the partition and explore the data.

FileVault 2 Passwords

Location: hashed, /var/db/shadow/hash/<GUID>

Extraction (hash): cat /var/db/shadow/hash/<GUID> | cut -c169-216

Recovery (original password): Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery

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When setting up a FileVault 2 volume, you may be prompted to enable other user accounts to unlock the encrypted volume:

If this is the case, each user must type their password before they will be able to unlock the disk. In order for other users to be able to unlock FileVault 2, one has to click Enable User and enter the user’s password while setting up encryption (or any time after). If new user accounts are added after FileVault 2 encryption is turned on, they are automatically assigned the correct access rights.

Understanding this scheme is very important from the forensic perspective. If there is more than one user on the computer, you’ll have a much greater chance of recovering at least one of these passwords. This is especially true if the computer was used in a household with kids who tend to use much simpler passwords.

In order to unlock an encrypted volume, you will need to use the original plain-text password. Passwords cannot be extracted from a Mac OS X computer; you can only extract password hashes. In order to recover the original plain-text password, you will have to run an attack using a specialized tool such as Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery.

With recent update, Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery gained the ability to attack plain-text passwords (in addition to user account passwords) protecting disk volumes encrypted with FileVault 2.

Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery uses GPU acceleration techniques making the recovery 20 to 50 times faster compared to a CPU alone. You can choose between dictionary attacks with various mutations and GPU-accelerated brute force. Since attacking a password can be lengthy business, Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery can utilize multiple computers to simultaneously attack passwords.

Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery can recover passwords for popular disk encryption containers. In order to attack a FileVault 2 password with Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery, perform the following steps.

Can you play xbox on a mac. Preparing the Attack

1. Make an image of the hard drive (physical device) or an image of the encrypted partition and save it into a file. The following formats can be used: Raw disk image (.dd), EnCase image file (.e01), Apple Disk Image (.dmg).
2. Run EDPR Disk Encryption Info (EDEI) utility located in Start Menu -> Elcomsoft Password Recovery -> Tools.
3. Specify path to the disk image you created on Step 1.
4. If more than one encrypted partition is available, specify the volume to attack.
5. EDEI will extract the necessary information about the encrypted volume.
6. Save the .esprf file created by EDEI.

Running the Attack

1. Launch Elcomsoft Distributed Password Recovery.
2. Open the .esprf file that was saved by EDEI.
3. If several Mac OS accounts appear, choose account to attack.
4. Configure the attack (dictionary, mutations, brute force).
5. Run the attack.
6. Once the password is discovered, you can use it to unlock the Mac that contains the encrypted volume.

Mounting the Volume

After recovering the password to any user account with “Unlock” privileges, you can do the following to mount the encrypted container.

Option 1: [OS X ] In Mac OS X, use “diskutils” to mount the disk volume. Enter the recovered password when prompted. (Applications -> Disk Utility -> File -> Open Disk image -> select image and click Open).

Option 2: [OS X ] You can also use Terminal to mount the encrypted image. Launch Terminal and use the following command line to mount the disk image:

hdiutil mount <image>.dd

You can also mount a .dmg image with the following command line:

hdiutil mount /<image>.dmg

More information on FileVault 2: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204837

There are many tools for encrypting files in OS X. GUI apps to do that have varying prices. Unfortunately, OS X itself doesn't have many built-in ways to encrypt a file. I'll show you the two native methods available in OS X.

_____________________

Introduction. Encryption is a vast and complex subject. There are many nuances and gotchas. In this article, we'll keep it short and sweet for beginners so that it's easily understandable for a specific, simple task. For those who want to go further and expand their knowledge, I'll list some resources at the end of this How-to.

Method #1. Encrypted DMG. A 'DMG' file, short for 'disk image,' can be used as a container to store one or more files if desired. It uses AES-256 encryption, which is considered fairly strong encryption.

You've likely seen DMG files before because they're handy ways to distribute software. In this case, we'll encrypt the contents of a DMG file and set a passcode to decrypt it.

Jan 31, 2018 The latest version of DMG Decrypter is 1.0 on Mac Informer. It is a perfect match for Device Assistants in the System Tools category. The app is developed by Mark Conigliaro and its user rating is 1 out of 5. Does anyone know of a tool that will supports encrypted.dmg (OSX disk image) files under Windows? Stack Exchange Network Stack Exchange network consists of 175 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Beta 1 (9/16/10): Simple use, includes firmware key input, drag and drop.DMG input, a decryption button and a drawer activated read-me. Beta 2 (10/25/10): First major UI upgrade, kept originals but added device library to look up keys straight from the application. .PS - I realize that all you Windows users are probably very disappointed but once DMG Decrypter moves into a more stable release, I will begin working on a Windows compatible version. I dont know why this would be helpful as you can only mount DMG in Mac OS X but if it will please you then I shall look into it =). HSENCFS is a user space encrypting file system. Simple to set up, seamless to use, fast, safe, secure and maintenance free. It will encrypt data on the fly written to it, decrypt data read from it. HSENCFS uses only storage space for actual data stored, no pre-allocation needed. It is fast enough for real time Video Encryption. IDecrypt is a GUI front-end for VFDecrypt (resulting in this program breaking GNU GPL) for Windows/OS X.It's used to decrypt.DMG files, namely the rootfs of an IPSW file. Linux:./vfdecrypt -idmg location -k -o.dmg Windows: vfdecrypt -idmg location -k -o.dmg How to decrypt and mount an iOS firmware Download an iPhone or iPad firmware that matches your simulator version and make sure that there is a VFDecrypt Key by checking the corresponding Build column.

The OS X utility you'll use is /Applications/Utilities/Disk Utility.app. The example here uses the version found in OS X 10.11 El Capitan.

1. Launch Disk Utility.app.

2. Go to the app's File Menu and select New Image > Blank Image.

The Disk Utility File menu.

3. You'll see and popup with fields to fill out. The first field, 'Save As:' will be the name of the DMG file. The third field, 'Name' is the name of the volume that will mount. They can be the same, but make them different to easily, visually differentiate them.

4. As soon as you select the encryption method, AES-256, you'll be prompted for the passcode. Make it at least 12 characters and don't forget it. After you select a volume size, you can leave the rest of the items as the default.

5. Click save. On your desktop you'll see your encrypted DMG file and also the mounted volume that you named above. You can drag the files you want encrypted into this volume, then unmount it. (Don't forget to delete the originals.) Now your data is (fairly) safe.

Your encrypted DMG file looks like this.

6. To access the now encrypted data, double click your DMG file. You'll be promoted for the passcode you entered in step #4 Bluestacks for mac m1. above. The decrypted volume will mount, and you can access the original files.

Do NOT check the box to save the password in the Keychain else anyone who has access to your Mac can easily decrypt your DMG with a double-click.

Now you have a secure container in which you can drag anything you like. Just remember that when you drag sensitive files, across volumes, into the container to delete the originals and select 'Secure Empty Trash.' However if you're using an SSD and/or El Capitan, read this article first. 'How to replace El Capitan's missing Secure Empty Trash.'

Next page: You knew it was coming. A command line technique.

Page 2 - Method #2, the UNIX Command Line

Method #2. SSL Encryption on the command line. OS X has within its UNIX core the facility to encrypt individual files. You can do this on the command line with the 'openssl' command. For more details, including the nuance of the alternate method to encrypt for email transmission, this tutorial on SSL. We're going to encrypt a text file. The method I show here also uses AES-256 encryption.

1. Encrypt. Open the terminal command and navigate to the file to be encrypted. I'll assume you know how to use the UNIX 'cd' command to navigate to it. Let's call it secret.txt. Enter this on the command line.

You'll be prompted to enter the passcode and then verify it. The original file will automatically be deleted and the output encrypted file is named 'secret.enc'. My encrypted text file looks like this:

2. Decrypt. Again, on the command line, navigate to the encrypted file and enter:

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You'll be promoted for the passcode. The decrypted text file will be written to the file after the '>' symbol, and the original encrypted file will be retained.

This second method is a bit geeky, but after some experimenting with some dummy test data, you should get the hang of it. Download firefox mac os x. Of course, if you wanted to get really geeky, you could wrap the above commands in a shell script with user inputs, but that's way beyond the scope of this article.

Final Note: There is a similar technique that uses the zip command on the command line. Utilities like Cocoatech's Path Finder wrap a GUI around it. However, for backwards compatibility, so far as I know, the OS X implementation of the zip encryption remains very weak and should not be used. OpenSSL is your best, more secure method.

Further Reading

1. Why we use the -salt option above.

Dmg Extractor Decrypt Key

2. Details on the OpenSSL Command

Decrypt Dmg Without Key

3. AES Encryption Standard

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